Guinea pigs can live 5–8 years (and sometimes longer) and require ongoing care, appropriate housing, a specialised diet, and regular veterinary attention. Medical care for guinea pigs can be comparable in cost to cats or small dogs.

Guinea pigs are social animals and shouldn't be kept alone. In the wild, they live in groups, and a bonded companion is essential for their mental wellbeing. Single guinea pigs are more prone to stress, anxiety, and illness. Same-sex pairs or desexed male–female pairs are generally recommended, with careful introductions.

Unlike rabbits, guinea pigs are diurnal, meaning they are active throughout the day with bursts of energy rather than long sleep periods. They quickly learn routines and will often greet their owners with excited squeaks, especially around feeding time. This makes them very rewarding pets for families and individuals who enjoy regular interaction.

Diet is one of the most critical aspects of guinea pig care. Guinea pigs cannot produce their own vitamin C, so it must be provided daily through fresh vegetables or supplementation. Their diet should consist primarily of good-quality grass or oaten hay, fresh leafy greens, and a guinea pig–specific pellet fortified with vitamin C. Many treats and mixed feeds sold in pet shops are unsuitable and can contribute to obesity, dental disease, and gut problems.

Guinea pigs have continuously growing teeth and a sensitive digestive system, making constant access to hay essential. Feeding the wrong foods can lead to serious and sometimes irreversible health issues, many of which are preventable with correct husbandry.

Guinea pigs are gentle, intelligent animals who enjoy human interaction, floor time, and enrichment. They can learn to recognise voices, respond to routines, and explore tunnels, hideouts, and foraging toys. Children should always be supervised with guinea pigs  as they are easily injured by rough handling and can become fearful if mishandled.

Guinea pigs can be kept indoors or outdoors, but both environments require careful planning. Indoor guinea pigs benefit from closer monitoring, protection from predators, and stable temperatures. Outdoor guinea pigs must have predator-proof housing, protection from heat and cold, and constant access to shade and fresh water. Heat stress is a significant risk, particularly in warmer months.

All guinea pigs should receive regular health checks at least every 6 months with a vet experienced with guinea pigs. Early signs of illness can be subtle, and prompt veterinary care greatly improves outcomes.